Urgent Physics HELP!!!!?

The advent of practicable optical fibres has seen the development of much medical technology. Optical fibres have paved the way for a whole new field of surgery, called laproscopic surgery (or more commonly, keyhole surgery), which is usually used for operations in the stomach area such as appendectomies. Keyhole surgery usually makes use of two or three bundles of optical fibres. A "bundle" can contain thousands of individual fibres". The surgeon makes a number of small incisions in the target area and the area can then be filled with air to provide more room.

One bundle of optical fibres can be used to illuminate the chosen area, and another bundle can be used to bring information back to the surgeon. Moreover, this can be coupled with laser surgery, by using an optical fibre to carry the laser beam to the relevent spot, which would then be able to be used to cut the tissue or affect it in some other way.

Optic fibres are very useful in seeing inside the body. An endoscope utilises the properties of total internal reflection found in optic fibres and as a result, using a light on the end of the camera, you can view what is happening inside organs such as the stomach similar to putting a camera down. Effects are obvious - can detect abnormalities with increased precision since the quality of the optical fibres are normally very good. Hence, the problem can be found easily and cured accordingly.