How do you calculate the voltage produced by a photovoltaic cell?

Question

I've done quite a bit of research into this and i just can't figure this out. Is it something that can only be found through experimentation with each type of solar cell? 
Also solar cells come with a power rating, but I don't understand how this is known, as the current varies with the load.
My supervisor is driving me mad :/.

John · Accepted Answer

Hooking them up to a variable load is the only way.

derfram · Answer

The open circuit output voltage is going to be mainly a function of the materials used to make the cell.  The amount of current produce, and therefore the amount of power available will be a function of surface area.

A cell can be modeled as a voltage source with an internal resistance.  The load that will produce the greatest output power is the same as the internal resistance.  (i.e. if the cell is modeled as 1.5 volts/15 ohms, then it will produce maximum power into a 15 ohm load).

Not · Answer

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How do you calculate the voltage produced by a photovoltaic cell?

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