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Impact crater hypothetical... If a pair of identical objects strike both the earth and moon with velocity?
If the approach velocity is such that the speed of impact is not significantly affected by the earth's gravity (let's say 100km/s headed in a straight line into the sun) how will the sizes of the craters compare if the twin object strikes the moon under identical conditions? Assume there is negligible mass loss from atmospheric friction. Also assume it's mass is not large enough to annihilate the moon at it's given speed.
Had you read the question and thought about it you might have noticed it identifies a twin object with one hitting the earth and the other the moon. It also gives an approximate direction as a line going into the sun (mostly eliminating the earth's motion from the equation.) The earth also has a neat little thing called an atmosphere which can slow objects passing through it. While the direct gravitational ratio is good for free-fall it doesn't quite work for high velocity objects. Additionally, for an impact perpendicular to the motion of the earth or moon: approach velocity of 5.6km/s yields an impact velocity of 12.5km/s and 6.1km/s respectively. At at 38km/s approach it is about 40km/s for the earth and 38km/s for the moon. That is based on gravitation without the drag which increases as a square of the speed. Extrapolating data shows a negligible effect of gravity at a 100km/s approach. Gravity is an acceleration vector with key ingredient time...
I should have known it wouldn't be worth the time to ask a question with the answer not readily available on wikipedia...
Looks like best answer might go to the least wrong...
To anyone editing or answering after I post this: how do the impact craters differ if, at the points of impact, the objects striking the earth and moon have an identical velocity, size, shape, composition, mass, etc...
4 Antworten
- vor 1 JahrzehntBeste Antwort
First it depends on where it strikes at. Earth has many different surface areas ocean, desert, etc. So that would greatly affect size.
But other then different surface areas, I say it would be similar.
- Anonymvor 1 Jahrzehnt
1. The Earth's Gravity significantly affects the speed of impact of every object.
2. The Moon's Gravity significantly affects the speed of impact of every object.
3. The Earth is moving through space at about 20km/s. so if the object comes straight into the path of the Earth, it will have an effective of velocity of 120km/s, if it comes from the opposite direction, 80km/s.
4. If the object is only 0.01 millimeter in size, it will not create a crater on the Earth or the moon...
- Anonymvor 5 Jahren
The Moon shows more impact craters than Earth because plate tectonics and volcanism erase craters from the Earth's surface. Answer D.)
- Anonymvor 1 Jahrzehnt
Exactly what is your question? You start off by talking about the Earth and the moon, yet you end your question with only the moon being impacted. The Earth has a higher acceleration of gravity, 9.8066 meters/sec^2, than the moon does, 1.62 meters /sec^2. Any impactor with the same velocity, mass , and density will impact the Earth with a higher velocity, acceleration and force,produce a bigger crater than the same impactor impacting the moon at the same velocity with less acceleration and force, producing a smaller crater. Force = mass x acceleration, momentum = mass x velocity.
Quelle(n): Logical thinking processes and an understanding of basic physics. B.S. and M.S. in geology, B.S. in physical geography
