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Another Sadistic Math Challenge?
Suppose we have a triangle with sides x1, x2, and x3. At each vertex of the triangle lie point masses m1, m2, and m3. Mass m1 is at the vertex opposed from side x1, and m2 and m3 are similarly placed.
Now we consider the center of mass of the system, wherever it might be. We draw lines from m1, m2, and m3 to this center of mass. These lines have lengths r1, r2, and r3.
Your task:
Find r1, r2, and r3 as algebraic functions of x1, x2, x3, m1, m2, and m3...
...and do so without referencing any coordinate system not native to the triangle! Use ONLY trigonometric arguments. You are allowed to construct other triangles within the main triangle.
Since nobody got it, here's the solution:
Make a triangle with legs x1, x2, and x3, and masses m1, m2, m3 on the vertices. Draw the center of mass inside the triangle, then make three radial lines (r1, r2, r3) from the center of mass to each of the three masses. The angle between r1 and r2 is c3, while the angle between r2 and r3 is c1, and the angle between r3 and r1 is c2.
A balance of moments (torques) in the r1, r2, and r3 directions tells us the following:
m1*r1 + m2*r2*Cos[c3] + m3*r3*Cos[c2]
m2*r2 + m1*r1*Cos[c3] + m3*r3*Cos[c1]
m3*r3 + m1*r1*Cos[c2] + m2*r2*Cos[c3]
The law of cosines applied to the three triangles within the main triangle tells us the following:
Cos[c1] = (r2^2 + r3^2 - x1^2)/(2*r2*r3)
Cos[c2] = (r1^2 + r3^2 - x2^2)/(2*r1*r3)
Cos[c3] = (r1^2 + r2^2 - x3^2)/(2*r1*r2)
Substituting these for the cosines in the first three equations, we get:
(2*m1*r1^2 + m3*(r1^2 + r3^2 - x2^2) + m2*(r1^2 + r2^2 - x3^2))/r1 = 0
(2*m2*r2^2 + m3*(r2^2 + r3^2 - x1^2) + m1*(r1^2 + r2^2 - x3^2))/r2 = 0
(2*m3*r3^2 + m2*(r2^2 + r3^2 - x1^2) + m1*(r1^2 + r3^2 - x2^2))/r3 = 0
Solving these three equations simultaneously yields (after much algebra) the following:
r1 = 1/mtotal * sqrt(m2^2*x1^2 + m1^2*x2^2 + m1*m2*(x1^2 + x2^2 - x3^2))
r2 = 1/mtotal * sqrt(m3^2*x2^2 + m2^2*x3^2 + m2*m3*(x2^2 + x3^2 - x1^2))
r3 = 1/mtotal * sqrt(m1^2*x3^2 + m3^2*x1^2 + m3*m1*(x3^2 + x1^2 - x2^2))
where mtotal = m1 + m2 + m3.
And now you know!
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